Global Intraurban Intake Fractions for Primary Air Pollutants from Vehicles and Other Distributed Sources

Global Intraurban Intake Fractions for Primary Air Pollutants from Vehicles and Other Distributed Sources

We model intraurban intake fraction (iF) values for distributed ground-level emissions in all 3646 global cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, encompassing a total population of 2.0 billion. For conserved primary pollutants, population-weighted median, mean, and interquartile range iF values are 26, 39, and 14-52 ppm, respectively, where 1 ppm signifies 1 g inhaled/t emitted. The global m...

Characterizing Aggregated Exposure to Primary Particulate Matter: Recommended Intake Fractions for Indoor and Outdoor Sources.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from indoor and outdoor sources is a leading environmental contributor to global disease burden. In response, we established under the auspices of the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative a coupled indoor-outdoor emission-to-exposure framework to provide a set of consistent primary PM2.5 aggregated exposure factors. We followed a matrix-based mass balance...

Evolving control for distributed micro air vehicles

The general idea of distributed robotics (or multirobot systems) is that teams of robots, deployed to achieve a common goal, can outperform individual robots in terms of e ciency and quality and, in some cases, can perform tasks that a single robot cannot. Consider, for example, Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs), each of which has an extremely small payload capacity. Though individual MAVs may have lim...

Intraurban Spatiotemporal Variability of Ambient Air Pollutants across Metropolitan St. Louis

Criteria air pollutants and toxic air pollutants.

This review presents a brief overview of the health effects and exposures of two criteria pollutants--ozone and particulate matter--and two toxic air pollutants--benzene and formaldehyde. These pollutants were selected from the six criteria pollutants and from the 189 toxic air pollutants on the basis of their prevalence in the United States, their physicochemical behavior, and the magnitude of...